Essay/Term paper: The yellow wallpaper - journey into insanity

Essay, term paper, research paper:  The Yellow Wallpaper

The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey into Insanity


In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the
dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive husband and his
submissive wife pushes her from depression into insanity.

Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her breakdown. Her
husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to admit that there might really be
something wrong with his wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who
is also a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken because of it,
certainly contributed to her breakdown; it seems to me that there is a
rebellious spirit in her. Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove
them wrong.

As the story begins, the woman -- whose name we never learn -- tells of her
depression and how it is dismissed by her husband and brother. "You see, he
does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high
standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is
really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight
hysterical tendency -- what is one to do?" (Gilman 193). These two men -- both
doctors -- seem completely unable to admit that there might be more to her
condition than than just stress and a slight nervous condition. Even when a
summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband refuses to
accept that she may have a real problem.

Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant - submissive
relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow
her to rest and recover her health. She is forbidden to work, "So I . . . am
absolutely forbidden to "work" until I am well again." (Gilman 193). She is not
even supposed to write: "There comes John, and I must put this away -- he hates
to have me write a word." (Gilman 194).

She has no say in the location or decor of the room she is virtually
imprisoned in: "I don't like our room a bit. I wanted . . . But John would not
hear of it." (Gilman 193).

She can't have visitors: "It is so discouraging not to have any advice and
companionship about my work. . . but he says he would as soon put fireworks in
my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now." (Gilman
196).

Probably in large part because of her oppression, she continues to decline.
"I don't feel as if it was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything. . ."
(Gilman 197). It seems that her husband is oblivious to her declining conditon,
since he never admits she has a real problem until the end of the story -- at
which time he fainted.

John could have obtained council from someone less personally involved in
her case, but the only help he seeks was for the house and baby. He obtains a
nanny to watch over the children while he was away at work each day: "It is
fortunate Mary is so good with the baby." (Gilman 195). And he had his sister
Jennie take care of the house. "She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper."
(Gilman 196).

He does talk of taking her to an expert: "John says if I don't pick up
faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall." But she took that as a
threat since he was even more domineering than her husband and brother.

Not only does he fail to get her help, but by keeping her virtually a
prisoner in a room with nauseating wallpaper and very little to occupy her mind,
let alone offer any kind of mental stimulation, he almost forces her to dwell on
her problem. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is pretty close to
being a prisoner.

Perhaps if she had been allowed to come and go and do as she pleased her
depression might have lifted: "I think sometimes that if I were only well
enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me."
(Gilman 195). It seems that just being able to tell someone how she really felt
would have eased her depression, but John won't hear of it. The lack of an
outlet caused the depression to worsen: ". . . I must say what I feel and think
in some way -- it is such a relief! But the effort is getting to be greater
than the relief." (Gilman 198).

Meanwhile her reaction is to seek to prove him wrong. "John is a physician,
and perhaps . . . perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster. You see
he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do?" (Gilman 193). It seems
to me that while putting on an appearance of submission she was frequently
rebelling against her husband's orders. She writes when there is nobody around
to see her, she tries to move her bed, but always keeps an eye open for someone
comming. This is obvious throughout the story.

It also seems to me that, probably because of his oppressive behaviour, she
wants to drive her husband away. "John is away all day, and even some nights
when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious!" (Gilman 195).
As her breakdown approaches she actually locks him out of her room: "I have
locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path. I don't want to go
out, and I don't want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to
astonish him." (Gilman 203). I see no reason for this other than to force him
to see that he was wrong, and, since she knew he couldn't tolerate hysteria, to
drive him away.

Works Cited

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." 1892.

The New England Magazine. Reprinted in "Lives &

"Moments - An Introduction to Short Fiction" by Hans
Ostrom. Hold, Orlando, FL 1991.